🔌 ST Single Phase 7805 Voltage Regulator Working, Features, & Applications 💡
The ST Single Phase 7805 Voltage Regulator is a widely used linear voltage regulator that plays a crucial role in electronic devices and power circuits. It provides a stable +5V DC output and protects devices from voltage fluctuations ⚠️. Let’s explore how it works, why it’s essential, and where it finds applications in real world circuits.
⚙️ What is a 7805 Voltage Regulator?
📌 Basic Overview
The 7805 voltage regulator is part of the 78xx series of regulators manufactured by STMicroelectronics. The number “05” indicates that it outputs a constant 5 volts. It is a three terminal device:
- Input (Vin) – Accepts unregulated voltage (7V to 35V)
- Ground (GND) – Common ground reference
- Output (Vout) – Provides a constant +5V
📊 Internal Working Mechanism of 7805
Internally, the 7805 IC uses reference voltage circuitry, pass transistors, thermal shutdown, and current limiting techniques to maintain voltage consistency. It works as a series voltage regulator, meaning it varies internal resistance to drop extra input voltage and regulate it to 5V.
🧾 Technical Specifications
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Output Voltage | +5V ±0.25V |
| Input Voltage | 7V to 35V |
| Output Current | 1A (typical), up to 1.5A with heat sink |
| Thermal Shutdown | Yes |
🔧 Applications of ST 7805 Voltage Regulator
- 📱 Microcontroller Circuits – Arduino, PIC, etc.
- 🔋 Power Supply Modules – Used in power adapters
- 📡 Embedded Systems – For consistent logic level power
- 🧠 Sensor Modules – Powering sensors like IR, temperature, motion
- 🚗 Automotive Electronics – Regulates voltage from vehicle battery
🛠️ Example Circuit using 7805 Regulator
Here is a typical example of a regulated 5V power supply using the 7805:
| Component | Value |
|---|---|
| Transformer | 230V to 12V |
| Bridge Rectifier | IN4007 x 4 |
| Filter Capacitor | 1000μF / 25V |
| Voltage Regulator | IC 7805 |
| Output Capacitor | 0.1μF |
✅ Advantages of Using 7805
- Simple and cost effective regulator IC
- Overheating and short circuit protection
- Requires minimal external components
- Readily available and easy to use
🚫 Limitations of 7805
- Wastes power in the form of heat
- Not suitable for high current or high efficiency
- Needs heat sink for higher loads
📌 Conclusion
The ST Single Phase 7805 Voltage Regulator continues to be a favorite among electronics enthusiasts, students, and engineers. With proper implementation and minimal components, it delivers safe, stable, and regulated 5V output. Ideal for both learning and professional applications, the 7805 is a reliable backbone of many DC powered circuits.
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